Grammar: ている (te iru)

Key Points

ている is one of important expressions using て-form.
ている is mainly used to describe actions in progress, ongoing states, habits, and “on” states.

Meanings

  • Ongoing actions (e.g., “Moon-chan is studying”).
  • Continuing states (e.g., “The chair is broken”).
  • Habitual actions (e.g., “I eat salad every day”).
  • “On” states (e.g., “Peppy is on the chair”).

Sentence Construction

Use the te-form of the verb before “いる” (iru).

  • Group 2 & 3 Verbs: Remove “-masu” and add “て” (te).
  • Group 1 Verbs:
    • If the word before “-masu” ends in “i” or “chi,” drop it and add “って” (tte) (e.g., 買います (kaimasu) becomes 買って (katte)).
    • If the word before “-masu” ends in “bi,” “mi,” or “ni,” replace it with “んで” (nde) (e.g., 死にます (shinimasu) becomes 死んで (shinde)).
    • Irregular verbs like 行きます (ikimasu) become 行って (itte).

Example Sentences

週末はよく映画を見てる (Shuumatsu wa yoku eiga o miteru) – I often watch movies on weekends.

今雨が降っている (Ima ame ga futte iru) – It’s raining now.

窓が開いている (Mado ga aite iru) – The window is open.

ムーンちゃんはゲームをしています (Moon-chan wa geemu o shite imasu) – Moon-chan is playing a game.

毎日サラダを食べています (Mainichi sarada o tabete imasu) – I eat salad every day.


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